|
||
|
|
|
|
||
|
||
|
A MAZE IN ZAZAZA ENTER ZAZAZA ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ THE MAGICALALPHABET ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321
WORK DAYS OF GOD Herbert W Morris D.D.circa 1883 Page 22
LIGHT AND LIFE Lars Olof Bjorn 1976 Page 197 "By writing the 26 letters of the alphabet in a certain order one may put down almost any message (this book 'is written with the same letters' as the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Winnie the Pooh, only the order of the letters differs). In the same way Nature is able to convey with her language how a cell and a whole organism is to be constructed and how it is to function. Nature has succeeded better than we humans; for the genetic code there is only one universal language which is the same in a man, a bean plant and a bacterium." "BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"
A HISTORY OF GOD Karen Armstrong The God of the Mystics Page 250 "(The Book of Creation). There is no attempt to describe the creative process realistically; the account is unashamedly symbolic and shows God creating the world by means of language as though he were writing a book. But language has been entirely transformed and the message of creation is no longer clear. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is given a numerical value; by combining the letters with the sacred numbers, rearranging them in endless configurations, the mystic weaned his mind away from the normal connotations of words."
THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF THE ALPHABET IS GIVEN A NUMERICAL VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS
FINGERPRINTS OF THE GODS A QUEST FOR THE BEGINNING AND THE END Graham Hancock 1995 Chapter 32 Speaking to the Unborn Page 285 "It is understandable that a huge range of myths from all over the ancient world should describe geological catastrophes in graphic detail. Mankind survived the horror of the last Ice Age, and the most plausible source for our enduring traditions of flooding and freezing, massive volcanism and devastating earthquakes is in the tumultuous upheavals unleashed during the great meltdown of 15,000 to 8000 BC. The final retreat of the ice sheets, and the consequent 300-400 foot rise in global sea levels, took place only a few thousand years before the beginning of the historical period. It is therefore not surprising that all our early civilizations should have retained vivid memories of the vast cataclysms that had terrified their forefathers. A message in the bottle of time" 'Of all the other stupendous inventions,' Galileo once remarked, what sublimity of mind must have been his who conceived how to communicate his most secret thoughts to any other person, though very distant either in time or place, speaking with those who are in the Indies, speaking to those who are not yet born, nor shall be this thousand or ten thousand years? And with no greater difficulty than the various arrangements of two dozen little signs on paper? Let this be the seal of all the admirable inventions of men.3 If the 'precessional message' identified by scholars like Santillana, von Dechend and Jane Sellers is indeed a deliberate attempt at communication by some lost civilization of antiquity, how come it wasn't just written down and left for us to find? Wouldn't that have been easier than encoding it in myths? Perhaps. "What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them" "WRITTEN IN THE ETERNAL LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS"
THE FAR YONDER SCRIBE AND OFT TIMES SHADOWED SUBSTANCES WATCHED IN FINE AMAZE THE ZED ALIZ ZED IN SWIFT REPEAT SCATTER STAR DUST AMONGST THE LETTERS OF THEIR PROGRESS AT THE THROW OF THE NINTH RAM WHEN IN CONJUNCTION SET THE FAR YONDER SCRIBE MADE RECORD OF THEIR FALL
NUMBER 9 THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE Cecil Balmond 1998 Cycles and Patterns Page 165 Patterns "The essence of mathematics is to look for patterns. Our minds seem to be organised to search for relationships and sequences. We look for hidden orders. These intuitions seem to be more important than the facts themselves, for there is always the thrill at finding something, a pattern, it is a discovery - what was unknown is now revealed. Imagine looking up at the stars and finding the zodiac! Searching out patterns is a pure delight. Suddenly the counters fall into place and a connection is found, not necessarily a geometric one, but a relationship between numbers, pictures of the mind, that were not obvious before. There is that excitement of finding order in something that was otherwise hidden. And there is the knowledge that a huge unseen world lurks behind the facades we see of the numbers themselves."
ADVENT 2182 ADVENT
“It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.” - Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities
COSMIC MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE "A cosmic "message in a bottle" is to be left in space as a relic of the world's languages. A disc engraved with the first three chapters of Genesis in 1,000 native tongues will travel to a distant comet. It will be carried on the European Space Agency's (Esa) Rosetta mission, set for take-off some time in 2003. The unmanned spacecraft will orbit the ball of ice, matter and dust, and then put a lander on the comet's surface. The inscription, attached to the outside of the main spacecraft, is designed to act as a relic of the languages on Earth. Once the mission is over, the mother ship could end up circling for thousands of years until it breaks up or collides with a planet" Tuesday 14, January, 2003 21-36 GMT http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2654755.stm
- Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities tags: last-words, self-sacrifice
DAILY MAIL Wednesday, February 21, 2007 Telivision Film Critic's Choice Page 64 9pm, Five "MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE" Page 65 9.00 FILM: Message in a Bottle (1999)
FINGERPRINTS OF THE GODS A QUEST FOR THE BEGINNING AND THE END Graham Hancock 1995 Chapter 32 Speaking to the Unborn Page 285 "White and bearded, Osiris is the Egyptian manifestation of this / Page 286 / universal figure, and it may not be an accident that one of the first acts he is remembered for in myth is the abolition of cannibalism among the primitive inhabitants of the Nile Valley.2 Viracocha, in South America, was said to have begun his civilizing mission immediately after a great flood; Quetzalcoatl, the discoverer of maize, brought the benefits of crops, mathematics, astronomy and a refined culture to Mexico after the Fourth Sun had been overwhelmed by a destroying deluge. "A message in the bottle of time" Page 287 "What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them" "WRITTEN IN THE ETERNAL LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS"
DAILY MAIL Tuesday, January 2, 2007 "THE FIGURES THAT ADD UP TO A UNIQUE PORTRAIT OF A YEAR IN ALL OUR LIVES" "BRITAIN, YOUR NUMBER'S UP" Page 13 "97.3 Degrees Farenheit (36.5c), the temperature of the hottest July day ever in England - recorded on July 19, 2006, at Wisley in Surrey"
DAILY EXPRESS Monday January 22, 2007 Front Page "-9 O C" "Temperatures plummet this week and most of us get snow" Sarah Seymour "BRITAIN is today braced for Arctic blasts as low as -9C, with snow and hail in most regions"
DAILY MAIL Wednesday March 21, 2007 James Slack Home Affairs Editor Page 4 " 'Bin Laden's General was handed nine UK passports" "AN Al Qaeda fanatic was issued with nine British passports..."
DAILY MIRROR Wednesday December 27, 2006 Stephen White Page 8 "TOLL TOPS 9/11" "9/11" "9/11"
NINE ELEVEN
NINE ELEVEN
DAILY MAIL Thursday March 22, 2007 James Slack Home Affairs Editor Page 8/9 "Assault on gas guzzlers and 99pc of drivers face a rise in road tax"
WAKEFIELD EXPRESS WAKEFIELD EXTRA Thursday March 22 2007 Page 22 Car Advert "£9999"
DAILY MAIL Friday March 16, 2007 Richard Simpson Page 19 "...crying wolf with 999 calls, say police..." "...dialling 999 up to four times in one 24-hour period. ..."
DAILY MIRROR Wednesday, December 27, 2006 Page 15 "999 call in shop row" A DISGRUNTLED SHOPPER RANG 999 . . . " " . . . works at the 999 call centre . . ."
WAKEFIELD EXPRESS Friday June 8 2001 Headlines Front page "MAN DIES IN 999 MIX-UP"
WAKEFIELD EXPRESS Friday June 15 2001 Page 6 "Voice of Wakefield" "There was no 999 'mix-up" "Last week's front page story headlined 'Man dies in 999 Mix Up contained a number of factual errors"
DAILY MAIL Tuesday, April 3. 2007 Charlotte Gill Crime Correspondent Page 21 "Anyone with information will be advised to call 999 or the special number provided on the TV or radio"
DAILY MAIL Tuesday, January 2, 2007 Page 21 "Calling 999 to report a crime is no guaranteen that an officer will respond" "... who dials 999..." "...respond immediately to 999 calls."
DAILY MAIL Friday, March 30, 2007 James Slack Home Affairs Editor Page 35 "One officer in 40 responds to 999 calls "Only one in 40 police officers is available to respond to 999 calls because bureaucracy is leaving so many stuck at their desks." "This means that in a town of 90,000 inhabitants, only four officers would be on patrol"
DAILY MIRROR Wednesday December 27, 2006 Oonagh Blackman Political Editor Front Page Headline ". . . 999 DASH TO HOSPITAL"
YORKSHIRE EVENING POST Wednesday 31 January 2007 Vicki Robinson Front Page Headlines 'BREAK POINT FOR 999 CREWS' Page 2 'Breaking point' for 999 crews'
beldar.blogs.com/beldarblog/ 30 March 2007 "My name is Leading Seaman Faye Turney," begins the voice on the video. "I come from England. I serve on Foxtrot 99, and I've been in the Navy nine years." "Foxtrot 99" is Her Majesty's Ship Cornwall, the British frigate on which Leading Seaman Turney serves" The Islamic Republic of Iran's seizure by armed force of 15 uniformed British sailors and marines from Iraqi territorial waters on 15 March 2007"
DAILY MAIL Tuesday, April 3. 2007 Matthew Hickley Defence Correspondent Page 11 "Turney described herself as a sailor serving aboard 'Foxtrot Nine Nine'. F-99 is the pennant number of the Royal Navy Frigate HMS Cornwall, but a British sailor would never refer to a ship by that number either in conversation or in writing. One Navy insider said: 'It's like being asked what type of car you drive, and responding with its registration number it's all wrong" "...They appeared more composed, but tellingly both men also referred to HMS Cornwall as 'Foxtrot Nine Nine'."
DAILY MAIL Tuesday, April 3. 2007 Answers to Correspondents Compiled by James Black and Charles Legge Page 68 "On the move: The hunt is on to find a new home for the Russian Foxtrot submarine moored in the River Medway, one of only five on display around the world The submarine on the River Medway at Strood Pier is a 300ft Russian Foxtrot class diesel electric submarine from the Cold War ers. There are only four other Russian Foxtrot submarines on display around the world: in San Diego and Long beach; California; Zeebrugge in Holland; and Kalingrad in Russia. Foxtrot B-39 (U475) was built in 1967, and used for training foreign submariners - Libyan Cuban and Indian. Following a 27 year stint, she was in active service with the Russian Baltic Fleet until April 1, 1994" "The current owners aquired the submarine in September 1999 which has been operated as a maritime attraction since then." John Sutton .
DAILY MIRROR Wednesday December 27, 2006 Voice of the Daily Mirror Page 6 "Hunts try to fox law" BRISTLING with defiance and contempt for the rule of law, foxhunters turned out in force yesterday." "Since then the fox population has not exploded out of control, and thousands of foxhounds have not had to be put down"
DAILY MAIL Tuesday, January 2, 2007 Melanie Cable-Alexander Page 18/19 A YEAR THAT CHANGED OUR LIVES "THE MAN WHO CAME BACK FROM THE DEAD"
LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER
LIVE EVIL
LIVED DEVIL
LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER
DAILY MAIL Friday March 16, 2007 Friday Film Page 56 "Deja vu" ? "I've seen it all before"
GOD WITH US AND US WITH GOD
"The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel" (which means "God with us"). “Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel” (which means, God with us). Matthew 1:23 "The virgin will conceive and give birth to a ... biblehub.com/matthew/1-23.htm
The Meaning of Immanuel, God with Us www.orlutheran.com/html/immanuel.html And this very special Christmas name, as Matthew tells us, means "God with us." Jesus Christ is Immanuel, "God with us," and I'd like to share why this is so ... Matthew 1:23 "The virgin will conceive and give birth to a ... matthew/1-23.
Christ Emmanuel or God with Us - Grace Gems! www.gracegems.org/W/e1.htm "They shall call His name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us. ... give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel– which means, 'God with us.
Isaiah 7:14 Explained - Immanuel God With Us www.bibleanswerstand.org/immanuel.htm This study is aimed at finding the true meaning of Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14. ... texts for the deity of Jesus Christ because of the words, “Immanuel,” (God with us).
Why wasn't Jesus named Immanuel? - GotQuestions.org www.gotquestions.org/Immanuel-Jesus.html by S. Michael Houdmann - Jesus was God making His dwelling among us (John 1:1,14). No, Jesus' name was not Immanuel, but Jesus was the meaning of Immanuel, "God with us.
Words Around "Emmanuel" in the English Dictionary "The word Immanuel/Emmanuel means, "God with us." It conveys the idea of God come down in the flesh, mingling alongside mankind, subject to their brutality, while extending his love in bringing their redemption."
GOD WITH US AND US WITH GOD
GOD WITH US 123456789 987654321 US WITH GOD
The Navel of the World is a concept of the axis mundi, a mythological center of the world or universe Omphalos - Wikipedia ?Delphi · ?Jerusalem · ?Art · ?Literature Omphalos stones were believed to allow direct communication with the gods. Holland (1933) suggested that the stone was hollow to allow intoxicating vapours breathed by the Oracle to channel through it. Erwin Rohde wrote that the Python at Delphi was an earth spirit, who was conquered by Apollo and buried under the Omphalos. However, understanding of the use of the omphalos is uncertain due to destruction of the site by Theodosius I and Arcadius in the 4th century CE
The Sacred Omphalos Stone, Navel of the World and ... 5 Jun 2018 — An omphalos is a powerful symbolic artifact made from stone. Considered the 'navel of the world', the central point from which terrestrial life ...An omphalos is a powerful symbolic artifact made from stone. Considered the ‘navel of the world’, the central point from which terrestrial life originated, an omphalos was an object of Hellenic religious symbolism believed to allow direct communication with the gods. In Greek mythology, it is said that the titan Cronos devoured his children as soon as they were born, due to his mother’s prophecy that he would be overthrown by his own children. Although Cronos managed to devour his first five children, his wife, Rhea, sought Gaia’s help to devise a plan to save the sixth child, Zeus. As a result, Zeus was hidden in a cave on Mount Ida in Crete and escaped being eaten by his father. In the meantime, Rhea wrapped a stone in swaddling clothes and gave it to her husband, who promptly swallowed it, thinking that it was his son. When Zeus had grown up, he forced his father to disgorge the contents of his stomach using an emetic. The stone came out first, followed by Zeus’ siblings. When the help of his brothers and sisters, Zeus defeated the Titans and became the new king of the gods. The story of the stone, however, does not end there.
THE NECHUNG ORACLE TIBET THE INBETWEEN
The Nechung Oracle is the State Oracle of Tibet. The medium of the State Oracle currently resides with the current Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India. There are a number of oracular traditions within the Himalaya of which the Nechung is but one. The word "oracle" is used by Tibetans to refer to the spirit, deity, or entity that temporarily (or various styles of periodic or ongoing possession depending on the tradition) possesses or enters those men and women who act as media between the phenomenal natural world and the subtle spiritual realms. These media are, therefore, known as kuten, which literally means, "the physical basis". Post-possession, the medium may require protracted convalescence. According to Bell, "the cult of Pehar at Nechung Monastery experienced a meteoric rise in popularity in the seventeenth century primarily through the deliberate efforts of the Fifth Dalai Lama and his regent Sangyé Gyatso."[3] The tulku of the institution of the Dalai Lama consults the oracle known as the Nechung Oracle, which is considered the Official State Oracle of the government of Tibet. The Nechung was formerly a Nyingma tradition. The fourteenth Dalai Lama gives a complete description of the process of trance and possession in his book Freedom in Exile.[4] BEGINNINGS "When Padmasambhava consecrated Samye Monastery with the Vajrakilaya dance, he tamed the local spirit protector, Pehar Gyalp, and bound him by oath to become the head of the entire hierarchy of Buddhist protective spirits. Pehar, later known as Dorje Drakden, became the principal protector of the Dalai Lamas, manifesting through the Nechung Oracle. The rite of the Oracle possessing the kuten is ancient, entering the tradition from the Bonpo and Ngagpa, and traditionally involves a detailed evocative liturgy including such elements as fanfare, dance, mudra and mantra to invoke the Oracle who forcefully projects their mindstream via the discipline of phowa, temporarily possessing the physical basis. PLUTARCH, Moralia. The Obsolescence of Oracles https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plutarch-moralia_obsolescence...
PLUTARCH, Moralia. The Obsolescence of Oracles | Loeb ... The Obsolescence of Oracles oracle at Delphi some account is given of the accidental discovery by a shepherd of the peculiar powers of the exhalation from the cleft in the rocks. Students of English literature will be interested in the dramatic description of the announcement of the death of Pan; and students of religion will be interested in the essay as a very early effort to reconcile science and religion.
www.973-eht-namuh-973.com/Alchemy/PLATO .htm Pan, Mikhail Vrubel 1900.If one were to believe the Greek historian Plutarch (i n "The Obsolescence of Oracles" (Moralia, Book 5:17)), Pan is the only Greek god who is dead. During the reign of Tiberius (A.D. 14-37), the news of Pan's death came to one Thamus, a sailor on his way to Italy by way of the island of Paxi. A divine voice hai led him across the salt water, "Thamu s, a r e y ou the....
LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER
THE BEN BEN STONE Benben - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Benben In the creation myth of the Heliopolitan form of ancient Egyptian religion, Benben was the mound that arose from the primordial waters Nu upon which the creator deity Atum settled. The Benben stone (also known as a pyramidion) is the top stone of the pyramid. It is also related to the obelisk. The Benben stone, named after the mound, was a sacred stone in the temple of Ra at Heliopolis (Egyptian: Annu or Iunu). It was the location on which the first rays of the sun fell. It is thought to have been the prototype for later obelisks and the capstones of the great pyramids were based on its design. The capstone or the tip of the pyramid is also called a pyramidion. In ancient Egypt, these were probably gilded so they shone in sunlight.[citation needed] Many Benben stones, often carved with images and inscriptions, are found in museums around the world. The bird deity Bennu, which was probably the inspiration for the phoenix, was venerated at Heliopolis, where it was said to be living on the Benben stone or on the holy willow tree. According to Barry Kemp, the connection between the benben, the phoenix, and the sun may well have been based on alliteration: the rising, weben, of the sun sending its rays towards the benben, on which the benu bird lives. Utterance 600, § 1652 of the Pyramid Texts speaks of Atum as you rose up, as the benben, in the Mansion of the Benu in Heliopolis.[1] From the earliest times, the portrayal of Benben was stylized in two ways; the first was as a pointed, pyramidal form, which was probably the model for pyramids and obelisks. The other form was round-topped; this was probably the origin of Benben as a free standing votive object and an object of veneration.[2] During the Fifth Dynasty, the portrayal of benben was formalized as a squat obelisk. Later, during the Middle Kingdom, this became a long, thin obelisk. In the Amarna Period tomb of Panehesy, the benben is seen as a large, round-topped stela standing on a raised platform.[3]
LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER
LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER
Mythologies definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary Definition of 'mythologies' 1. a body of myths, esp one associated with a particular culture, institution, person, etc. 2. a body of stories about a person, institution, etc. Definition of 'mythologies' 1. a body of myths, esp one associated with a particular culture, institution, person, etc. 2. a body of stories about a person, institution, etc.
LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER
DIVINE THOUGHT
LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER
“Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence” was a phrase made popular by Carl Sagan who reworded Laplace's principle, which says that “the weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness” (Gillispie et al., 1999).10 Jun 2011 "Sagan standard" is a neologism abbreviating the aphorism that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence". It is named after Carl Sagan who used the exact phrase on his television program Cosmos. Wikipedia Front Psychol. 2011; 2: 117. Published online 2011 Jun 10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00117 PMCID: PMC3114207 PMID: 21713069 Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence: The Case of Non-Local Perception, a Classical and Bayesian Review of Evidences Patrizio E. Tressoldi1,* This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence: The ... Starting from the famous phrase “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence,” we will present the evidence supporting the concept that human visual perception may have non-local properties, in other words, that it may operate beyond the space and time constraints of sensory organs, in order to discuss which criteria can be used to define evidence as extraordinary. This evidence has been obtained from seven databases which are related to six different protocols used to test the reality and the functioning of non-local perception, analyzed using both a frequentist and a new Bayesian meta-analysis statistical procedure. According to a frequentist meta-analysis, the null hypothesis can be rejected for all six protocols even if the effect sizes range from 0.007 to 0.28. According to Bayesian meta-analysis, the Bayes factors provides strong evidence to support the alternative hypothesis (H1) over the null hypothesis (H0), but only for three out of the six protocols. We will discuss whether quantitative psychology can contribute to defining the criteria for the acceptance of new scientific ideas in order to avoid the inconclusive controversies between supporters and opponents. Keywords: meta-analysis, frequentist, Bayes, non-local perception Go to: Introduction “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence” was a phrase made popular by Carl Sagan who reworded Laplace's principle, which says that “the weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness” (Gillispie et al., 1999). This statement is at the heart of the scientific method, and a model for critical thinking, rational thought and skepticism everywhere. However, no quantitative standards have been agreed upon in order to define whether or not extraordinary evidence has been obtained. Consequently, the measures of “extraordinary evidence” are completely reliant on subjective evaluation and the acceptance of “extraordinary claims.” In science, the definition of extraordinary evidence is more a social agreement than an objective evaluation, even if most scientists would state the contrary (see, for example, the recent debate about climate change: Anderegg et al., 2010; Bodenstein, 2010). However, a relevant example of an agreement about the strength of evidence has been defined in the field of clinical medicine and psychology in order to grade evidence to recommend the application of treatments for physical and mental clinical conditions. Recommendations that are based on evidence can be of different levels of quality. The sources of evidence, range from small laboratory studies or case reports to large, well-designed clinical studies that have minimized bias to a large extent. As poor-quality evidence can lead to recommendations that are not in the patient's best interests, it is essential to know whether a recommendation is strong (i.e., we can be confident about the recommendation) or weak (we cannot be confident). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group (Guyat et al., 2008), for example, states that strong recommendations, meaning that most patients who are provided with the information would choose the recommended management and that clinicians can structure their interactions with patients accordingly, must derive from consistent evidence from a comprehensive meta-analysis of all of the evidence available or from at least two well-performed, randomized and controlled trials. If an agreement can be obtained in such an important field as that of human physical and mental health, we think that it should be possible to reach an agreement in the field of “human knowledge,” where there are fewer risks of harming people. Aim of the study In this paper, we will present a quantitative review of the evidence which is available today, supporting the hypothesis that the human mind may have non-local properties, that is, that some of its functions, i.e., perceptual abilities may extend beyond its local functions, that is beyond the space and time constraints of sensory organs. This quantitative review will be presented using both a classical frequentist and a new Bayesian meta-analytic approach. Before we justify our choice to use these two statistical approaches, a brief explanation of what we mean by non-local perception (NLP) is necessary. Non-local perception We prefer the term NLP to the old-fashioned term extrasensory perception (ESP), because NLP allows us to use the non-local properties of physical “objects” such as photons, atoms, etc. and the laws of quantum mechanics as analogies. The main non-local properties which are studied within the realm of quantum physics and which are supported by “extraordinary evidence” (see Genovese, 2005,2010; Zeilinger, 2010), are “entanglement” and “measurement interference.” The first property, entanglement, allows two or more physical objects to behave as one even if they are separated in space and time. This “strange” property allows a form of immediate communication of the objects’ characteristics over distances between or among the entangled objects, as has been observed in teleportation experiments (i.e., Bouwmeester et al., 1997). The possibility that quantum-like properties may be observed not only in physics but even in biology and psychology has not only been studied theoretically (Khrennikov, 2010; Walach and von Stillfried, 2011) but even experimentally (see Gutierrez et al., 2010 for biology and Aerts, 2009 for psychology). With regard to the methodology for studying NLP, the basic methods are the free-response and forced-response protocols. In the free-response protocol, participants are invited to perceive information, usually images or short video clips, using only their minds. This is because this information is only available at a distance or is chosen after their description and, consequently, no conventional (local) ways to perceive it are possible. During the task, the participants’ normal state of consciousness may be altered with some techniques, e.g., they may be immersed in a ganzfeld environment, or put under hypnosis, meditation, etc. In contrast to the forced-choice protocol, the participants are allowed to describe verbally or through drawing what they perceive, allowing them all the time which is necessary to complete the task. With the forced-choice protocol, participants are simply required to quickly choose the distant (in terms of space or time) information from among a set, usually ranging from two to five. Obviously, in order to prevent the participants from guessing the target information using conventional means or using explicit or implicit strategies, all of the necessary safeguards for the experimental settings should be adopted, i.e., sensory shielding from the target information, proper randomization of the stimuli, etc. The results are the ratio of hits with respect the mean chance expectations.
“Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence”
LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER
EXTRAORDINARY CLAIMS REQUIRE EXTRAORDINARY EVIDENCE
EXTRAORDINARY CLAIMS REQUIRE EXTRAORDINARY EVIDENCE “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence” was a phrase made popular by Carl Sagan who reworded Laplace's principle, which says that “the weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness”
|
 |
||
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
